小学语文转述句的方法与技巧_陈述句是什么意思例子「问人人知识网」

知识精要
1．陈述句句型的理解和综合运用
2. 肯定陈述句和否定陈述句的变形及应用
要点讲练
一、陈述句的概念
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，而在朗读时则用降调。如：
I’m a student. I like dogs. I’m not a teacher.
二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法
陈述句可分为“肯定陈述句”和“否定陈述句”两种，简称为肯定句和否定句。
1、肯定句
在英语中，一般情况下，肯定句的基本结构为：主+谓+其他，例如：
主语一般包括人称代词或名词：I ,you, he ,she, dog, cat, some books等.
物主代词：this, that, 等。
谓语一般就是动词：be动词：is, are, am
助动词：do, does
行为动词：like, eat 等
Eg. Mr. Walker is an Englishman. 华克先生是英国人。
I am a tall boy. 我是一个高的男孩。
He does his homework. 他做他的作业。
2、否定句
否定句的基本形式包括以下两种：
（1）在系动词am, is, are, 助动词do, does, did，及情态动词will, would，can, could, may, might, shall, should, must等后面加上“not” 。例如：
①句子中有be动词, 后直接加not，例如：
Eg. I am not (I’m not) a good swimmer. 我不是一个游泳的好手。
He is not (isn’t) a doctor.他不是一个医生
It is not (isn't) raining outside. 外面没有在下雨。
②情态动词will, would，can, could, may, might, shall, should, must后面加上“not” 。例如：
Eg.I won't do it again. 我不再做这种事。
The old man cannot find his way home. 那个老人找不到回家的路。
I couldn't sleep last night. 昨夜我无法入睡。
③使用助动词“do”的否定句
一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”，句式如下：do（does, did）+not + V（原形动词）。
肯定句、否定句的互换：
非单三时用do, 单三时用does
主语非单三时肯定句：I like
主语非单三时否定句：I do not like English.
主语单三时肯定句：He likes English.
主语单三时否定句：He does not like English.
Eg. I don't know her very well. 我并不很了解她。
He doesn't like Chinese tea very much. 他并不很喜欢中国茶。
She didn't come to school this morning. 今天早上她没有来上学。
Don't believe him. 不要相信他的话。
小口诀：
（2）使用“not”以外的否定词
①使用副词：never，seldom，hardly，little，neither等。
Eg. She never comes to school late. 她上学从不迟到。
She seldom comes to see me. 她不常来看我。
②使用形容词：no, few, little等。
Eg. I have no brothers. (=I don’t have brothers. ) 我没有兄弟。
He has few friends in Hong Kong. 他在香港几乎没有朋友。
③使用代词：nothing，nobody, none等。
Eg. I know nothing about computer. 对于电脑我一窍不通。
I found nobody in that house. 在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。
小贴士
特殊（肯定句与否定句互换词）：
1.some变为any
There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
2.and变为or
I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much
They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already变为yet
I have been there already. →I haven't been there yet.
陈述句专项练习
一、基础练习——Be 动词（变为否定句）。
1. He is a boy.
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2. I am your friend.
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3. My sister is a beautiful girl.
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4. My mother is a worker.
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5. They are in the classroom.
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6. There are some books on the bookshelf.
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7. I was at home yesterday.
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8. They were in Beijing ten years ago.