虚拟语气的用法如何归纳( 二 )



(4) it's time…句式:从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了” 。如:

It's time you washed those trousers. 你该洗洗那条裤子了 。

I'm getting tired. It's time we went home. 我累了,我们该回家了 。

注:time前有时有about和high修饰:

It's high time we left. 我们早该动身了 。

(5) would rather…句式:通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表过去的愿望 。如:

I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来 。

I would rather you didn’t mention the price. 我宁愿你别提价钱 。
虚拟语气的用法如何归纳

六、使用虚拟语气的宾语从句

在表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 。这些动词主要包括insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, ask等,其虚拟语气格式为“should+动词原形”,其中的should在美国英语中可以省略 。如:

The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作 。

The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看 。

The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款 。

Her uncle suggested that she (should) get a job in a bank. 她叔叔建议她在银行里找个工作 。

注意:insist后接宾语从句时,有时用虚拟语气,有时用陈述语气,其区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气 。比较:

She insisted that I (should) stay for supper. 她一定要我留下吃晚饭 。

He still insisted that he wasn’t there at the time. 他仍然坚持说他当时不在那儿 。

与insist相似,suggest后接宾语从句时,也可用虚拟语气或陈述语气,其区别是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”“认为” 。比较:

He suggested that we (should) come another day. 他建议们改日再来 。

His smile suggested that he was satisfied. 他的微笑表明他是满意的 。
虚拟语气的用法如何归纳

七、使用虚拟语气的主语从句

形容词important, impossible, necessary等后的主语从句通常用虚拟语气 。如:

It's impossible that he (should) marry her. 他同她结婚是不可能的 。

It's important that he (should) remember this. 他记住这一点很有必要 。

注:在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised (sorry) 和I regret等结构后的that 从句中有时也用should,表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感,常含有“竟然”之意 。如:

It's strange that he should come so late. 他竟然来这么迟真是奇怪 。

这类句子若用陈述语气,则不带感色彩,比较下面两句:

I'm surprised that he should feel lonely. 我很惊讶他竟感到孤独 。

She was surprised that I knew all about it. 这事我全知道她感到惊奇 。
虚拟语气的用法如何归纳